Gakava rekutengeserana pakati peChina neUS rave kumutsa makambani pasi rose. Kunyange zvazvo makambani achiedza kudzivisa kudzvinyirirwa kwenguva pfupi kwemitengo kunokonzerwa nehondo yekutengeserana, vazhinji vari kufunga nezvemukana wakafara - kugadzirisa zvakare ketani yekugovera yeramangwana. Kuvaka mamwe anochinjika ekushandisa network kunogona kubatsira makambani kuchinjika nekukurumidza kuchinja zvinotarisirwa nevatengi uye kudzivirira kubva kune ramangwana geopolitical njodzi.
Kufamba kwenguva pfupi kwehunyanzvi kunogona kubatsira kudzikisira kurasikirwa kunogona kuitika. Vatungamiri vanogona kuwana vatengesi vatsva vezvigadzirwa uye kuvharira iyo mitengo, kuchinja kontrakiti yekugadzira kune mamwe matunhu, kana kuenzanisa kugadzirwa kwepasirese. Maererano neongororo ichangobva kuitika yeBain, makumi maviri neshanu muzana evakuru vebhizinesi vakati vari kuburitsa mari kubva kuChina, uye makumi mana neshanu muzana vakati vaitarisira kuwana zvinhu kubva kune mamwe matunhu mugore rinotevera. Makambani ari kushandura zvimwe kana zvese zvawo kugadzira kubva kuChina anosanganisira kamera inogadzira Olympus uye mugadziri wematoyi Hasbro.
Asi dambudziko renguva refu nderekugadzirira cheni dzekugovera remangwana. Chinhu chakaoma kuenzanisa chiito. Mihoro muChina nhasi yakakwira zvakapetwa ka20 pane zvayaive muna 1992, izvo zvachinja kugadzirwa kwemutengo wakaderera kuenda kune dzimwe nyika dzichiri kusimukira uye kuita kuti mitsetse yegungano yeotomatiki inakidze kupfuura kare. China yatangawo kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro uye masevhisi, uye kugadzirwa kwayo kwevashandi kwakawedzera ne16% pagore mumakore gumi apfuura.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kukurumidza kushandura zvido zvevatengi kunoita kuti macheni akawanda ekupa adhure, anorema, uye ari panjodzi yenjodzi dziri kukura. Vatengi vanoda zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemunhu uye zvakakura zvakasiyana. Sarudzo idzi dziri kuwedzera chigadzirwa portfolio. Vagadziri kutenderera pasirese vari kutanga kuona kuti zvine musoro uye zvine hungwaru hwehupfumi kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakagadziridzwa zvinonyatsoenderana nezvinodiwa pamusika. Zvakakosha, izvi zvinovabvumira kuronga kugadzirwa zvichienderana nekuchinja kudiwa, pane kuzviparadzira kwemwedzi yakati wandei.
Broad macroeconomic shanduko dziri kushandurawo misika yepasi rose. Mari dzekugadzira dzinoramba dzakakosha, asi kuchinjika uye kumhanya kumusika kuri kuwedzera kukosha kumakwikwi. Makambani asingakwanise kuenderana nekuchinja kuri kukurumidza kudiwa kwemusika anogona kupedzisira ave kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvisiri izvo.
Vagadziri vanotungamira vari kushandisa matekinoroji matsva kushandura macheni avo ekupa kuti vatarisane nenguva yekuchinja nekukurumidza uye kusava nechokwadi. Semuyenzaniso, matekinoroji edhijitari anogonesa Indasitiri 4.0 inogona kubatsira makambani kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekugadzira kuburikidza nehungwaru hwekugovera edhijitari cheni. Nzvimbo dzekushanda dzakashongedzerwa neaugmented real software yekutarisira vashandi kuwedzera kugadzirwa uye kugonesa maitiro ebasa akaomarara. Kana mushandi akatora bhaudhi risiri iro, sisitimu yacho inobva yaziva kukanganisa uye inoudza mushandi kuti ndeipi bhaudhi yekushandisa.
Sezvo kufambira mberi uku kuri kuita kuti vashandi muUnited States uye mamwe misika ine mihoro yakawanda ishande, mihoro yakaderera ine basa shoma pane zvavaiita makumi maviri emakore apfuura, apo makambani makuru akamhanya kunoisa mari kuChina. Tora, semuenzaniso, kambani yepasi rese yezvinhu zvevatengi iyo ichangotanga kufunga patsva nzira yayo yemakumi emakore yakareba yekuisa mafekitori munzvimbo shoma shoma. Vatungamiri vekambani iyi vakaziva kuti hukuru hwayo hwekutengesa hwaive huchidzikamisa kuchinjika uye kudzikamisa kukurumidza kwayaigona kuunza hutsva pamusika. Vatungamiriri vainetsekawo nezve geopolitical zvinorehwa, kusanganisira mitero yepamusoro uye mimwe mitero inogona kuitika.
Kuti ipindure zvirinani kukuchinja kwezvinodiwa zvemusika uye kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakagadziridzwa munharaunda, kambani yakatanga kutamisa zvimwe zvekugadzirwa kwayo pedyo nemisika yakakosha. Nzvimbo itsva yekugadzira yekambani idiki asi ine dhizaini inoshanduka. Nhau dzakanaka: mhinduro dzedhijitari dzinobatsira kudzikisira mitengo yekugadzirwa kwenzvimbo uye kuwedzera purofiti neinopfuura 6%.
Nekuita chibvumirano nevashambadziri vanopa masimba munyika dzakawanda, makambani anogona kuchinja kutenga kana kugadzira kana geopolitical njodzi kana zvimwe zvinhu zvichityisidzira zvinhu. Kambani yepasi rose yetech tech yakaita kuti cheni yayo yekugovera iwedzere kusimba nekushanda nevashambadziri vechikamu uye vanogadzira makondirakiti kuti vavake huwandu kunze kweChina. Panguva imwecheteyo, manejimendi ari kutsvaga mikana mukati metiweki iripo yekuenzanisa kugadzirwa uye kutora mukana wemahara ekutengeserana nzvimbo.
Muna 2015, hurumende yeChina yakatanga chirongwa chegwaro chinodaidzwa kuti "Made in China 2025" chakanangana nekuwana hutongi hwepasi rose mukugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi hwepamusoro. Kune makambani ekugadzira eChinese, chirongwa ichi chinoreva kuwedzera kuomarara uye kutarisisa zvakanyanya papfuma yehungwaru. Shanduko iyi, pamwe chete negakava rekutengeserana reUS-China, rakurudzira makambani mazhinji kuti afungezve nezvemaketani avo ekupa.
Kambani yeChinese tekinoroji yatanga kugadziridza nzira yayo yepasirese yekugovera cheni kuti iite kuti iwedzere kuchinjika uye isingatapurwe nenjodzi dzegeopolitical. Kuti ikurumidze kugadzirisa mitengo yekukwira, kambani iri kufambisa zvimwe zvigadzirwa kubva kuEast Coast kuenda kunzvimbo dziri mukati menyika uko mihoro yakaderera. Sechikamu chekuedza kwayo kuvaka ketani yekugovera yeramangwana, timu yehutungamiriri iri kuita ongororo yekuda uye mikana yekugovera mumisika iri kusimukira yakaita seSoutheast Asia, Eastern Europe, neLatin America.
Makambani mazhinji epasi rose atora matanho enguva pfupi kuchengetedza mabhizinesi avo kubva mukukwira kwemitengo uye kukanganiswa kwekupa kunokonzerwa negakava rekutengeserana kweUS-China. Asi vatungamiriri vemaindasitiri vari kushandisa dambudziko rekutengeserana kufunga patsva macheni avo ezve remangwana.
Pavanotanga kugadzira network inochinjika, inoshanda ya2025 uye kupfuura, matanho matatu akakosha anogona kuvabatsira kutarisa pakugadzirisa matambudziko akanyanya kukosha. Kutanga, vatungamiriri vakuru vanosangana nekushambadzira uye kutengesa kuti vanzwisise zvinotarisirwa nevatengi mumakore matatu kusvika mashanu anotevera. Kunyanya, ivo vanoona kukosha kwakakosha kumhanyisa kumusika kune vatengi uye indasitiri. Zvadaro, vanosangana nevatungamiri vekushanda kuti vafembera mari inozodiwa kuzadzisa zvinotarisirwa nevatengi. Chekupedzisira, makambani aya anosarudza matekinoroji ekutengesa, network, uye kudyidzana kutsigira anochinjika uye ane simba epasirese network.
Zvikwata zvehutungamiriri zvinotanga rwendo urwu zvinotarisa matanho anotevera nekuongorora kukosha kweakati wandei akakosha kugona:
Kutora nhanho kumashure, makambani anofanirwawo kuongorora njodzi dzegeopolitical dzinogona kutyisidzira macheni avo ekupa uye kuona kuti ndeapi akakosha hunyanzvi hunoda kutsigirwa. Chikwata chehutungamiriri chega chega chinotarisana nematambudziko akasiyana uye chine mhinduro dzayo. Asi mabhizinesi akabudirira ane chinhu chimwe chete akafanana: Iwo haamirire kuti dambudziko rinotevera ritange patsva.
Jared Lapin inyanzvi yemutungamiri muBain & Company's Productivity Improvement maitiro, akavakirwa muhofisi yefemu yeChicago. Jerry Matthios inyanzvi mutevedzeri wemutungamiri muBain & Company's Productivity Improvement uye Advanced Manufacturing and Services maitiro, akavakirwa muSingapore. Raymond Tsang mushandirapamwe muBain & Company's Productivity Improvement maitiro, akavakirwa muShanghai. Jason Lee mukuru muboka reBain & Company reGlobal Advanced Analytics, rakavakirwa muhofisi yeBain & Company muLos Angeles.
Kunyangwe mukutarisana nezvinetso zvehupfumi, makambani anotarisa pamusoro pekushanda zvakanaka anogona kuramba ari mberi.
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